Iranian political state and art - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2715 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category History Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction The following essay is a summary about Iranian political state and how use of art to present their political culture is related. The essay will focus mainly on revolutionary and post-revolutionary artworks. The paper will consist of comparisons and contrasting views about how political influence has been affecting and if its still affecting artists and their artwork. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Iranian political state and art" essay for you Create order Iranian government which since attainment of independence appears to be the main director of art content entering or leaving Iran has seem to be running on dictatorship leadership. This paper will expose how the relationship between the Iranian government and artists has changed overtime and how deep was the government politics interfering with Iranian art. Iranian art culture has been an underground activity mostly run by artists who do not fear the governments laws that limit them from freely practicing their talents and sharing it to the world. With the Iranian revolution events in 1979 where Western-backed Shah was overthrown and replaced by an Islamic state run by the Alyatollah Khomeini, there has been a tight political atmosphere ever since that affects its relationship both internally and externally. The country underwent a big change in power and social life. Having a set of wars with Iraq its neighboring country also brought questions on what was happening in Iran, but w ith these revolution artist took to the stage to demonstrate their heart felt desire by drawing about things happening around them just as any artist would do. The art culture in Iran divided into revolutionary (years of modernization) and post revolution. Revolutionary period This period of art presentation occurred between 1960- 1989, with artists like Bahman Mohasses being the pioneer of encouraging artists with his unwavering, relentless and demanding attitude toward showing and educating people with his art work. Artworks done during this period were never openly displayed to the public and world because of laws set by the new ruling Islamic government. Bahman Mohasses used a style of referencing classical mythology and history of sculptures, he introduced a very unique style that dealt on caricature and later expanded into theatre-directing and painting. He is one major alumnus on how art can lead people into reacting against and also reflect the complexity of politics in a society. Iranian film making has been featured around the world with some film makers like Parviz Kimiavi. He was born in 1939 and has got some of his work edited in the 1970s where he produced works like Gowharshad Mosque, P like Pelican and Bazare mashhad. His films were a bit ethnographic with a singular and always impressionistic style. He made them to have a compelling mixture of documentary and fiction, with a movie like P like Pilican had a story focused on a character named Aqa Seyyed Ali Mirza; who was a reclusive person who was encouraged by nearby youths to engage with the titular pelican. During the period of 1979-1988 Iranian government was mostly dominated with revolution of 1979 and then the Iraq war of 1980-1988. The things that helped and pushed for revolution in Iran being their culture and art works. On the pre-revolutionary era, the shah and his Empress were seen as the main supporters of Iran culture and art. The shah believed that culture and art will help in developing Iran and make the Iranians to have a national identity than to have a non-western culture of modernization. The step of using art to show case the real culture by shah was however not supported with the inequalities within the country about culture and social; Th ereby helping in the growth of the revolution that lead to the overthrown of shahs government who was supported by the Europeans. The revolution affected a lot of things in the country with its major hit being on the nature of how the citizens are interacting around their public spaces. The country was under a lot distress followed by eight years of war with Iraq that caused deaths and sorrow all over. Researchers believed this was a political and social related war that Iran was facing. Art was the only means that helped show the world what Iran was facing and even be part of their history they will live to remember. The visual artifacts captured that time are what showed what really transpired in Iran, with the help of photographers like Bahman Jalali and Rana Javadi who took their time come up with documentary evidence of what really occurred and led up to the overthrown of shah. These photographers took their photos during 1978 to 1979 and later published them in the book Day s of Blood, Days of Fire. The contents of his work being released late in 2010 after his death because of the laws that Iran government had placed and its involvement in Iranian art works. Some artists used a different approach to showcase their art skills, with an artist like Kazem Chalipa who was born in1957 at Tehran village. He was a very prominent painter among the revolutionary generation, whereby his work was a combination of religion and the potent symbols and political vocabulary used during the revolution. His art work was constantly used as posters during the Iran-Iraq war. The use of his art work as posters was a big indication of how politics was in relation with Iranian art culture. The posters are now being used as evidence to relate the citizens of Iran with the revolution era. Revolution era was filled with various art developments through the help and support of the overthrown shah. After Islamic took over museums set up were now less used. Some schools like Saqqakhana School gained international prominence for their art work. The government offered an arts festival called Shiraz Arts festival that was organized in Persepolis. The festival offered opportunities to show case international musicians, dancers and artists, all this was before Islam taking over Iran. With the opening up the festival shah made a point of developing a museum for Iranians called Tehran museum to show case both western and Iranian artists. Some of the artists that were featured in the museum were like Feremarz Pilaram and Hossein Zenderoudi who used techniques such as modern painting, abstracting letters and calligraphy. With a Master of tradition encouraging painters t use calligraphy which consisted of oil paint and canvas to produce words not only content as it was done traditionally. An artist like Sohrab Sepheri who was both a poet and a painter managed to travel the world by visiting Japan and India; he made his painting to feature simple brushstrokes and colors that showed his appreciation of nature and of Zen philosophy. The art culture was like the main economic provider of Iran with Shah taking advantage of the offers western countries offered them by not equally distributing the resources thereby making the court to start protesting his leadership. Ardeshir Mohassess for instance used cartoons to demonstrate the corruption and misuse of monarchical leadership in Iran and the world in general. Although in 1976 the Shah banned his work and this made him to flee the country to Paris and later on U.S.A because Shah used his power to oppress those who defied his ruling. Nahid Hagigat was an artist to born in 1943 and used prints to show case the tension that was among the males in society under government interventions. Print making was a unique technique during that time so it worked well to her advantage. Post-revolutionary art work After the period of revolution art work was still a major tool of showcasing political operations in Iran. The post-revolution era being between 1989-2014 shows a different set of artistic culture being adapted in Iran that are being used till now to showcase their culture and political arenas. Most of the artist during this time had studied abroad and knew the social conditions in Iran. The late Chohreh Feyzdjuo, who was an installation artist, came up with installations and assemblages that acted as commentaries in commercialization of contemporary art and global art market. She used materials that related to the past Iran like vegetable fibers and rolls of her own canvas over painted in black. She inspired artists like Barbad Golshiri, he had a writer for a father thereby giving him a tactful method of writing which was use of guerilla tactics. For example, by giving tribute to Feyzdjuo he came up with a sarcophagus-shaped tomb on top of Feyzdjuos grave in the cemetery at Pantin . These was him showing the nation of how the anonymous graves that the martyrs were placed in are not allowed to be done any inscription on them as it was not allowed by the regime. Photography was also used to pass message and lessons that the nation and culture of Iran had on their citizens. Bahman Jalali inspired various phtotographers during his time like Mazdak Ayari, Behzad Jaez and Tahmineh Monzavi. Ayari for instance took his photos mostly concentrating on his domestic life and family. He did that for ten years by narrowing his talent to capture his family social life and cultural life in Iran. The practice gives an open and full insight into the contemporary life of Iranians which gave him a step to open up the theme about boundaries between private and public existence. In the early 2000s, Behzad Jaezs work in photographs is seen to depict religious schools in Tehran and Qom exposing the day-to-day activities and life of the students. His images indicate and tell a story of different social backgrounds of pupils, thereby giving a clear picture of life in contemporary Iran. Monzavi is also one vibrant photographer born in 1988 who is influenced by diversity. He takes photos centered on individuals who failed in following rules and were convicted or sent away as refugees. He has a series of photos about a girl called Tina who is a transvestite and lives a life of a refugee. His work is aimed at exploring the effect of social exclusion and pains that come with it. He is fearless on exposing his photos to the world making him a very vibrant member of the art culture. Arash Hanaei was also an artist during this time that used digital techniques to reimagine and re-contextualize the Iranian capital city. He used to create digital views of Tehran starting from a source photograph. His work from a psycho-geographical approach of art is seen through the process of erasure covers and reveals so much. His technique of art that entailed to isolate and erase certain elements made it to attract viewers to a poetic view. Example of Hanaeis piece is with the murals of the martyrs and advertisement of hoardings. His work was like an exploration of Tehran which helped to see its history and present. In the mid of 1990s Iranian film industry started to go international with some film producers doing things underground because of the government ban on show casing films without their approval. Jafar Panahi was sentenced for a six year sentence and a 20 year ban on film making being introduced after putting blame it was affecting the national security and causing propaganda. Panahi was sentenced for the release of a proposed documentary on the 2009 post-election unrest. An Iran expert who wants his name anonymous states that for example, there is a film that subtly addresses the AIDS issue without once mentioning the diseases name and even goes to a point and highlighting every form of art in Iran is a form of protest. Iranians are cons tantly trying to find gaps in the law. After the 2009 elections some of the remaining artists who are Iran have been complaining that fewer and fewer permits were being granted to artists who want to either paint or do music. Iran has a law in which one has to acquire a permit from the Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance to work professionally. But many have disapproved such laws by practicing their arts underground and even making the underground channels to be the major platforms for artists in Iran. Back then in 1998 Mohammed Khatami who was a former minister of culture became the president and gave some bit of breathing space to the artists. Galleries had more opportunities to show case their work and even adapt new works. Places like Tehran Museum being brought back to life until now, some history work that was being hidden was let out to the public and films made available for kids to watch. Historical films were now allowed to be filmed and some artists took them t o America from filming. Example is the former soldier and fruit-stall holder known as Khosrow Hassanzadeh, who became a painter and poet and manage to show in his series wars some of the disturbing works that would have been critical to the war and the regime. A scholar and philosopher from Iran says this words on behalf of a catalogue presented by Bita Fayyazi that consisted of ceramics molded from cockroaches that do not simply glorify fallen creatures despised by humans, but reveal the extent of the damage caused by a claustrophobic situation, where the sole refuge is the solitary prison of their own repression. Photographs have seen to take a major step in visualizing problems faced in Iran. Especially women in Iran who feel that the rules and laws bestowed upon them limits then to do a lot of things; A 24 year old photographer called Shadi Ghadirian show cases some of his photographs in Tehran museum that seem to describe defiant young women who are wearing Qajar costume but seen posing with modern objects like vacuum cleaner, bicycles that are prohibited, pepsi cola cans. Her use of these photographs is a way of showing or speaking on behalf of the women who seem to not have one voice. We finally have the work of Fereydoun, who does film and came up with a series called Collages Rostam and Sohrab. This film was inspired by a 10th-century poet Ferdousi,s The Book of Kings. The film was epic with a taste of Iranian culture, where it described the limitations of individual monarchs and stressing Irans national instead of Islamic identity. It described the struggle between modernization and tradition where modernism is represented by the son Sohrab and tradition by father Rostam. It showcases the tragedy that unveils when the father kills his son just in the belief of being unworthy king. It teaches the world how the tragic struggle leads to not considering family bonds and personal dignity. Conclusion Art work in relation to Iranian politics is seen to have a major impact both during revolution and after revolution. The artistic works done during this periods vary according to the political state the country is facing from change of power to being ruled by an Islamic president who disoriented the social culture and placed women under certain laws that undermined them some basic human rights. Art is seen to have helped in starting the revolution but is also seen to be a big help on returning the country back on its feet. Art was becoming a major economic earner for Iran at some extent but opticians say this as an obstacle for their demands. The artists are witnessed to be taking part in educating the world on what is happening in Iran from cultural to evolution of the state. Art therefore was a major weapon the politicians could not sustain so they had to put laws to be able to manage and control what the artists portrayed to the world. Summary It is evident that politics and Iranian art were two things that mattered in the state. Artists were like politicians but with the task of informing the nation and world what really the politicians were doing to the nation. The artistic work done after revolution exposed a lot that occurred during the war with Iraq and also the laws that were undermining the state if it was planning to rebuild itself. Often artists will try to do work that goes along with the laws placed but others would do what they see appropriate and valid to their situation. The development of underground platforms so as to be able to showcase their art work is seen as a step to help the country with its political position.

Business Cycle - 1566 Words

ASSIGNMENT 1 Introduction In macroeconomics, business cycle played an important role to show what a national economy is going; therefore, this essay will define what business cycle is and its characteristics. Besides, all of variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), inflation and unemployment rate and their behaviour in the business cycle will be also demonstrated in the second part. The final part of this essay will analyse and compare the situation of Australian economy and USA economy in period of 10 years since 1998 based on the concept of â€Å"the business cycle†. In addition, this is the writer’s opinion about the business cycle relied on these above data about exhibit Australian and USA economy performance. WHAT IS†¦show more content†¦3. Unemployment: _The economic problem happened when people who have abilities to work but they cannot find the job _It caused by: +The nature of changes in the structure of the economy (structural unemployment includes seasonal unemployment) + People leave a job to find a new one (frictional unemployment) +The level of demand in the economy is not sufficient to sustain full employment (cyclical unemployment) (Hansen, 2008). Australian Economy VS USA Economy Differently, a fiscal or financial year of each country is not the same. Normally, the financial year in Australia starts at 1 July of precious year and finish at 30 June of next year. In contrast, the financial year in US starts at 1 November of precious year and finish at 30 September of next year. Therefore, the statistics of Australia and US was gathered at the end of financial year of each year since 1999. |Country | Australia statistics | USA statistics | | | | | |Year | | | | |Growth rate (%) |Inflation rate |Unemployment rate (%) |Growth rate (%)|Inflation rate |UnemploymentShow MoreRelated Business Cycle Essay800 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy. The company either suffers or benefits depending on what kind of economy it is. This will depend on what kind of company it is, and what kind of market the business does well in. The Business Cycle is what determines this factor. It is a term used in economics to designate changes in the economy. Timing of the business cycle is not predictable, but its phases seem to be. Many economists site four phases—prosperity, liquidation, depression, and recovery. 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Cyber Security And Technology Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Security And Technology. Answer: Introduction The concept of cyber security is relatively new in business and since it is related to technological development where companies are now clearly see and observe the importance of protecting the data and how one can completely ignore any act based on security infringements (Bell et al., 2015). Concept of cyber security can be defined as a wrong or unethical work to gain access to the private information that an organization denies discussing with consumers. The major significance of the topic is based on how technology continues to evolve with the different opportunities and challenges. Our aim is to provide an informative primer on the different relevant issues facing Australia. Along with this, the discussion is also to generate the discussions about the debate and then raise awareness with regards to the fundamental block of the technologically dependent society. In the current time, there are number of examples that are eye-opening and have also struck the consumers to think again and consider the decision about sharing sensitive resources of information on the internet (Von Solms et al., 2013). The work is based on the research of how the cyber security has been proved to be the major challenge for the different organizations with the focus on the different questionnaires and the surveys from the people in Australia. Project Objective The focus of the project is to have a complete knowledge of what people think about the cyber security and what precautions they have taken to secure their data. The challenge of cyber security in companies like Apple, Microsoft and Google, is important to hover as many hackers try to plunge into the system of the companies through phishing, hacking etc., and try to grab the data of the system. My project objective is related to the research work that comes from evaluating the different questions about the cyber security challenges for the business. The aim is to understand the consequences of leakage of data and demands in the form of ransom. Project Scope To grasp various angles of the issues, it is important to refer different research paper and journals on the internet. My project demonstrates the dimensions from the business perspectives where the focus is based on achieving the deep knowledge about the cyber challenges. The data that I have collected is from the various sources like the conducting surveys and interviewing businessmens, books, research papers and from the internet. The literature review is also included to depict about the cyber security and it answers the questions related to the challenges. My project guides are mainly to understand the different risks of the cyber security and the issues related to it. The work is mainly demonstrating the methods that could be used for preventing the cyber threats in the organization. Literature Review Businesses these days are under constant assault from criminal working against them on internet which is also known as cyber criminals resulting in the rise of overall cost for the companies. It has been seen that for the big companies like Google, there is an increase in prevalence and the severity of the malicious cyber enabled activities and other extraordinary threats that are done to the national security, foreign policy and economy. One of the damaging targets are for the society embroiled cyberwarfare infrastructure. Here, the focus is on the single points of failure which is directed to the power stations, communication network, transport and the other utilities. In the year 2015, there were many corporate law firms in New York that were attack of cybercrime (Born, 2015). There were three hackers from China that have got an opportunity to enter into firms computer system by playing a trick n partners and revealing the passwords of their emails. After entering the accounts, th ese criminals got their hands on very sensitive and confidential information about some future mergers. These criminals than traded the information and earned more than four million dollars. Like many other victims these firms preferred to stay quiet about being part of victims (Cavelty, 2014). They also feared catching attention of other thugs as well as also damaging the reputation since they were the keepers of the secrets of clients. But some information leaked in media and then was later confirmed by the federal prosecutors and those firms as well (Hong et al., 2014). The federal court publicly discussed the discoveries and their efforts to bring the alleged criminals to justice. The case of cyber-attack meets the security fraud must serve as wake up call for much law based companies. It is important to understand for such companies that they will be the target of cyber-attacks since the information is valuable for the criminals (Overbye et al., 2017). The ransom ware like Wan naCry attack single handedly has crippled so many computers in more one hundred and fifty countries in May and it can cost companies more than four billion dollars as per so many estimates. It is slowly dawning on so many corporate level hackings based victims associated with some vulnerable as well as completely defenseless situations (Wells et al., 2014). The case of cybercrime is also metalizing for the similar face that are present on online services and have become very popular with customers and businesses at the same time (Bates et al., 2015). The internet network was established for the overall convenience and profit of the users is now exposing the world new kinds of threats. Research Questions/Hypothesis Primary Question What are some of the factors that influence the system of the cyber security with the setup of the business organization? Secondary Questions What are some of the approaches which could be used for protecting the system of the organizations from any kind of cyber-attacks? How cyber security planning and the issues can handle the challenges of the safety and privacy? Research Gap The research gaps are related to the business organization which are cyberspace and the cyber-criminal activities that affect the business. The design faults are mainly in the web applications which is the major issue of the cyber security. The design faults are due to the web applications, with accessing the data and manipulating and misusing it. The issues are related to the internal business process that affect the capacity to implement and sustain the cyber security. Moreover, from surveys, cyber security software is too expensive for the small businesses so people usually stop considering to buy them. Research Design and Methodology: Qualitative research The qualitative research is mainly based on exploratory related research and used to gain knowledge of so many underlying facts, views as well as motivations. It also provided various kinds of insights into the issues that have helped to develop concepts as well as hypothesis for number of quantitative research (Kwon et al., 2013). Here the project will use qualitative research is uncover various trends through opinions of people and dive deeper in the issue. The method will be used in a form of semi structured tools and techniques (Bates et al., 2015). Some of most common methods also include the focus group discussion, interviews and observations. The sample size for the research will be small and selected incidences which were highly controversial by nature. Quantitative research Quantitative research has been done quantify the issue in a way of creating number of data that can be modified into used statistics. I have worked on the elements which includes the secured versions depending upon the views of the different elements. The research is mainly for the classification of the features, construction of the statistical models to explain about what has been observed. I have focused on the other tools like the questionnaires or the equipment for collecting the numerical data. The data is more efficient that has been done with establishing the facts depending upon the forms of surveys like questionnaire via email, face to face interview from the support manager who has faced the cybersecurity challenges, mobile surveys and many more. Research Limitations I have seen that there are some of the limitations: The sample size is smaller with 6 participants, where the bigger sample would improve the research reliability. The research is not based on the measurements with the examination of the problems. There are cases where some of the participants tend to refuse against the organization. Time Schedule Conclusion The internet in current time is permitting the business of all kind to reach new and large market places and create opportunities to work in an efficient manner by utilizing computer related tools (Wells et al., 2014). A company must be thinking to adapt cloud computing or just use email and maintain a website with cyber security must become an integral part of the plan. Theft of information has become a common kind of fraud then surpassing the theft in physical form. Every business that uses internet for work is accountable for creating a strong base related to culture of security that will increase the business as well as confidence of consumers. References Bates, A.M., Tian, D., Butler, K.R. and Moyer, T., 2015, August. Trustworthy Whole-System Provenance for the Linux Kernel. InUSENIX Security Symposium(pp. 319-334). Bell, G. and Ebert, M., 2015. Health Care and Cyber Security: Increasing Threats Require Increased Capabilities.KPMG. Born, J., 2015. An assessment of the cyber security legislation and its impact on the United States electrical sector. Buczak, A.L. and Guven, E., 2016. A survey of data mining and machine learning methods for cyber security intrusion detection.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(2), pp.1153-1176. Cavelty, M.D., 2014. Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities.Science and Engineering Ethics,20(3), pp.701-715. Elmaghraby, A.S. and Losavio, M.M., 2014. Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security and privacy.Journal of advanced research,5(4), pp.491-497. Gordon, L.A., Loeb, M.P., Lucyshyn, W. and Zhou, L., 2015. Externalities and the magnitude of cyber security underinvestment by private sector firms: a modification of the Gordon-Loeb model.Journal of Information Security,6(1), p.24. Hong, J., Liu, C.C. and Govindarasu, M., 2014. Integrated anomaly detection for cyber security of the substations.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,5(4), pp.1643-1653. Kwon, C., Liu, W. and Hwang, I., 2013, June. Security analysis for cyber-physical systems against stealthy deception attacks. InAmerican Control Conference (ACC), 2013(pp. 3344-3349). IEEE. Liu, Y., Sarabi, A., Zhang, J., Naghizadeh, P., Karir, M., Bailey, M. and Liu, M., 2015, August. Cloudy with a Chance of Breach: Forecasting Cyber Security Incidents. In USENIX Security Symposium (pp. 1009-1024). Oltramari, A., Ben-Asher, N., Cranor, L., Bauer, L. and Christin, N., 2014, October. General requirements of a hybrid-modeling framework for cyber security. InMilitary Communications Conference (MILCOM), 2014 IEEE(pp. 129-135). IEEE. Overbye, T.J., Mao, Z., Shetye, K.S. and Weber, J.D., 2017, February. An interactive, extensible environment for power system simulation on the PMU time frame with a cyber security application. InPower and Energy Conference (TPEC), IEEE Texas(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Robert, M. and Directorate, I.C., 2015. ISR. Von Solms, R. and Van Niekerk, J., 2013. From information security to cyber security.computers security,38, pp.97-102. Wang, W. and Lu, Z., 2013. Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges.Computer Networks,57(5), pp.1344-1371. Wells, L.J., Camelio, J.A., Williams, C.B. and White, J., 2014. Cyber-physical security challenges in manufacturing systems.Manufacturing Letters,2(2), pp.74-77.

Vaccine Essay Example For Students

Vaccine Essay VaccineChildren are one of Gods best gifts to people, as watching their children growis one of the best pleasures people enjoy during their life course. For thisreason, parents must take good care of their children during their early years,as they are vulnerable to many diseases due to their weak immunity. There aremany diseases, infecting children, that may lead to death such as the poliodisease. Scientists found a solution to this problem, by injecting a tiny sampleof the virus into the childs blood, in order to stimulate the immune system tofight the disease if the child catches it, which is known as vaccination. We will write a custom essay on Vaccine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, McTaggart contradicts this by pointing out that vaccination problemsfar outweigh those of going unvaccinated (1). Therefore, there are manyquestions concerning the safety and effectiveness of vaccines as opposed tothose of going unvaccinated. Vaccines can cause complications that are more harmful than those of goingunvaccinated or even the disease itself. Professor of epidemiology at theuniversity of Washington, Dr Russell Alexander, points out that the panel setup to determine the risks of vaccination did not compare it to those of beingunvaccinated (qtd in Miller 9). This means that the research done by the panel,which proved vaccination risks to be too small to count, contains manyweaknesses. McTaggart links the appearance of learning disabilities, autism, andhyperactivity to the beginning of the mass vaccination programs (1). Thus,vaccination is directly related to many diseases, in which some are stillunknown. McTaggart adds that the mumps vaccine has proved to be a direct causeof seizures, meningitis, deafness, and encephalitis. (6). These are extremelydangerous and unrecoverable diseases. Dr J Anthony Morris, an immunizationspecialist formerly of Americas National Institutes of Health and Food andDrug Administratio n says that In several of the studies, the measles vaccinestrain has been recovered from the spines of the victims, showing conclusivelythat the vaccine caused the encephalitis (qtd in McTaggart. 5). Thus, thisdoctor as a medical authority relates the measles vaccine to a deadly diseasesuch as the encephalitis. On the other hand, the risks of catching the diseasefor unvaccinated children are similar, if not less, to the risks of developingharmful complications due to the vaccine. Therefore, vaccination is more riskyto your child than going unvaccinated. In addition to the safety problems, vaccines have also proven to be ineffectiveamong many children. McTaggart reasons the current debate about vaccination tothe fact that measles portion of the triple shot is not working (2). This meansthat children who receive the triple shot, called MMR, which is a short hand formeasles, mumps, and rubella, are not completely immune against these diseases. McTaggart adds that the cases of measles are increasing exponentially during thelast decade (2). Similar to measles, McTaggart states that rubellas portion ofthe vaccine showed failure in preventing this fatal disease (3). Therefore, thefact that vaccination is not effective is common in many diseases. According tothe Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality in 1985, about 80percent of measles cases occurring to children in America were in vaccinatedones who were vaccinated in an appropriate age (McTaggart 3). Therefore,generally vaccination is ineffective against most diseases. Vaccine supporters defend vaccines claiming that it caused a reduction in thenumber of disease cases among children upon its invention. However, this claimis wrong, as it lacks an important side, which is was the number of diseaseamong children increasing or decreasing before the vaccine invention. Byreviewing the child disease history before vaccines invention, we see that thenumber of child-disease cases was already decreasing before the invention ofvaccines. Nowadays, the number of child-disease cases are beginning to growagain due to the increasing use of vaccines. Vaccines are not the reason for thedecreasing number of child-disease cases, as it is steadily increasing nowadays. .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .postImageUrl , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:visited , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:active { border:0!important; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:active , .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u179d42a9608dc6dcadda91d5a1e0787a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sula EssayTherefore, vaccinated children face more problems than the unvaccinated ones. Vaccination is hazardous to the childs health and could cause even greatercomplications than those of the disease itself. In addition to safety problems,vaccination has proved to be ineffective against many diseases such as measlesand rubella to name some of them. Besides, Castro infers in House and Homemagazine, that childhood illness gives the childs immunity a chance to developstronger and more resistant to diseases (24). Thus, it is a kind of training forthe immune system of the child against diseases. Therefore, vaccination shouldbe abolished, for it is not safe nor it is effective against many diseases. BibliographyCastro, Miranda. Measles, Mumps, Chickenpox, The natural way to nurse them.. House and Home Apr. 1994: 24-25. McTaggart, Lynne. The WDDTY vaccination handbook. Miller, Susan Katz. Vaccination risks are too small to count. . NewScientist25 Sept. 1993: 9.